نشریه مطالعات قدرت نرم
پیاپی 30 (پاییز 1401)

Islamic unity of its desirable and fruitful type, that is, efforts to achieve a kind of unity in interests and goals and convergence in religious beliefs, by those who have many commonalities in Islamic beliefs, one of the most important of which is the thought of Mahdism; In fact, Mahdavi's thought as a soft power establishes a process in which humanity influences people's thoughts (elite and common people) through behavior in accordance with the tendency of each Islamic sect and in the form of a non-violent tool and causes works, movements and behavior. The common one, which is the unity of the Islamic world, takes a step towards changing the mentality and behavior of the target society. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collection is through the study of library documents and documents, which examines the basics of recognizing and strengthening the unifying components of Islamic religions in the light of Mahdavitism, in precious religious texts. The findings indicate that this thought is a kind of future-oriented thoughts and attitudes, and in fact, a futuristic approach. The unifying pillars of Mahdavi thought include imamate and guardianship, and universality, justice, security, and growth and development are the characteristics of Mahdavi society, which works in the realization of the unity of the Islamic world as a soft power.

From Imam Khomeini's point of view, political expediency and the ruling of the government arising from it arise from the divine authority delegated to the Prophet of Islam and the governmental authority of a comprehensive jurist. It can not be considered an obstacle in the way of maintaining order. This is because the Islamic Republic is the most important reason for the preservation and survival of "pure Islam" in the world and the most important supporter of the deprived and oppressed in the world; From this perspective, its preservation is considered the most important divine obligation, and in case of monopolizing the preservation of the Islamic Republic in a specific way or tool, its use is permissible and even obligatory. This theoretical approach to political expediency provides a significant part of the soft power of the political system, during which it can maintain its political-security repression well. In fact, political expediency means a tool for the theoretical and cognitive threat of the enemy to reduce the possibility of exercising his hard power and increase the deterrence of the Islamic system. Accordingly, the Islamic system can increase its political and security deterrence without resorting to harsh power.

At the turning point of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the wise leader of the revolution, by issuing a statement of the second step, has outlined the vision of a desirable future, which is one of the central categories for achieving that experience of the past to take firm steps in the future Accordingly, the purpose of the research is to realize the past-oriented statement of the second step in the field of management practice of Farhangian University in order to increase soft power, which explains the concept, discovery and understanding of the experience with which managers have lived through a qualitative method of phenomenology. Addresses and answers the question: What are the lived experiences of managers to implement the recommendations of the statement? The statistical population is the staff managers and heads of campuses of Farhangian University. Sampling is targeted and snowball. In order to collect data, semi-structured in-depth interview was used. Qualitative data analysis steps were performed according to the coding process. In the first stage, 145 open codes were extracted from semantic units, which after removing duplicate codes, 120 codes entered the central coding stage. Selective coding of 19 categories was extracted.

Managers' actions: knowledge enhancement (self-promotion, empowerment), systemic view (extra-organizational andorganizational relations), central justice (attitude and educational justice Dignity (professional and organizational dignity), lifestyle (harms of Iranian Islamic lifestyle) and solutions: human resource management (outcome and selection), economics (strategic and operational), science and research (policy and implementation), promotion Attitude (lifestyle and position of the university)

Satellite networks are a sources of soft power and an important infrastructure for global communication. The expansion of communication and exchange of culture through satellite TVs imposed new values and, consequently, new behaviors; which could be a soft threat as it could gradually change the culture and identity of a nation. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the effects of Sat. TVs on both individual and social aspects. The main question is: “what are the media threats of satellites TVs and how to countermeasure them accordingly?” To answer this question, two "surveys" with questionnaire technique and also "in-depth interview” method using “closed or guided interview" technique had been used. The statistical population in the survey was "all people over 18 years in Tehran who watch the satellite networks" and in the in-depth interview it was "specialists in communication and political sciences". It was found that out of a total 450 respondents, the most of the respondents believed in different threats of satellite TV, including "psychological, political, cultural, economic and military-security threats" and 33.3% evaluated the level of "satellite threat" as "moderate". Additionally, the most of them (43.1%) considered "improving media literacy" as the best countermeasure to satellite threats. The findings of the interview also confirmed that it is more appropriate to adopt diversity (ultra-active) and aggressive (active) strategies rather than passive strategies and maintaining the status quo strategies to deal with satellites.

Media terrorism is an emerging form of terrorism that through discourse-building, psychological operations, and recruitment, it has acted to influence, attract support and engage with various groups and by working on social networks, especially Twitter and Facebook, they use cyberspace frantically to create mass fear and panic. The aim of research was explaining the media terrorism of the ISIL group in social networks with a meta-synthesis approach. As per, 135 research were reviewed as a preliminary sample in databases of Emerald, Wiley, Science Direct, SID, Sage, Google Scholar, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Magiran, Iran.doc and Noormags in the period from 2010 to 2020. After screening 36 studies were selected by purposive sampling method and results were combined using Atlas.ti software. The results led to the identification of 6 main categories, 25 concepts and 129 indicators that the central elements of the model were include foreign and regional intervention, ethnic tensions, and regional and trans-regional supports, propaganda and social mobilization, anonymity, funding, media tricks, culture building of violence, and the confrontation of the countries of the world. Managing content analysis, reviewing in policy making of social networks, exploring security aspects of various dimensions of terrorism on social media, and reviewing information gateway policy are some of the policy recommendations.

In the new arena of international politics, one of the tools that political units use to achieve their national and strategic goals and interests is soft power. In recent years, due to the importance of soft power in achieving the national goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it has tried to increase and increase the efficiency of its soft power capacities in line with its strategic goals in the developments of Syria. The Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the actors in the region that could not remain indifferent to the developments in Syria, has used a special soft strategy to influence these developments. By raising the question of what position soft power has had in Iran's foreign policy in relation to the developments in Syria, the upcoming research has proposed the hypothesis that the foreign policy component in the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran with an emphasis on central security and the role of the people in determining sovereignty It has had a greater impact on the developments in Syria. With the occurrence of the Islamic revolution in Iran and the formation of the Islamic Republic, relations between Iran and Syria have entered a new phase. The method used in this research is analytical and descriptive.

This article examines the use of soft power and its tools, such as the media, through freedom of information against state sovereignty. In this process, we see the use of new media tools and the creation of soft wars by some powerful countries against the sovereignty of other governments. In the present age, when technology and information technology have a special status and power, international communities are not expected to be safe from information entering their country from outside geographical borders. In this regard, countries with the power of media and up-to-date technologies in the field of information technology in order to achieve their goals have planned a soft war within the target communities. Therefore, in the present descriptive-analytical study, with the aim of explaining the different dimensions of soft power and media tools, the application of soft war against the sovereignty of states has been investigated by "library" and "documentary" methods. The results show that the cultural, ideological and moral borders of a country are respected as much as their geographical borders and territorial integrity, and obtaining the consent of countries to enter their non-geographical borders is irreplaceable and The transfer of information into a country without the permission and consent of that country is described as a violation of sovereignty and territorial integrity.

The level of influence of the performance of a macro-political-administrative system on the political management of geographical spaces and the strengthening of its internal soft power is undeniable; Because the soft power of a political system (government) as the operating system and the brain of the administration of the territorial space of a country, has a direct impact on the goals, components, and functioning of the system. Therefore, governments have specific functions in their essence, and the implementation or lack of optimal implementation of these functions affects the quality of the political management of the space. Therefore, the political management of space is affected by the performance of governments. So, to answer this question, what are the criteria and indicators for measuring the soft power of governments? The main purpose of this article is The current research was done using descriptive-analytical method and data collection was done using library sources. According to the results, the indicators were identified from among many theories and perspectives in different fields of human sciences. The views and theories showed that the goals and duties of the government have different types. The number of identified indicators was 80, some of them with high repetition and emphasis. All 80 indicators are included in 7 main components. The success of any country is to fulfill all the goals of the country and the nation in a proper way.

Issue:

 Ahmad Matar, a contemporary poet, revolutionary and reckless in the face of the oppression of the tyrannical and oppressive rulers of Iraq, with his glorious and revolutionary poems, tries to attract the attention of the society of the time in order to oppose the current rule. He does not say a poem in which the purpose of acquisition lies one day,, with his talent, engages in a soft war with the perpetrators of the miserable situation of the time.Research

The present descriptive-analytical study, with emphasis on John Searle's theory of speech action, has explored the strategies to counter soft warfare in the poems of Ahmad Matar, a revolutionary and contemporary Arab poet.

It shows that the poet, while describing the unfavorable social situation of the society which is the product of government corruption and the oppressive actions of the rulers in line with tyranny and global colonization, has provided useful and effective solutions to deal with widespread corruption and soft war threats. Which can be analyzed and studied by applying Searle's theory of speech actions.

These strategies, which generally include reviving religious and national identity, promoting a culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, raising awareness and awareness, social solidarity, resisting external and internal enemies, and compromising rulers, and all Su with Israel and the United States has been manifested mainly in expressive and persuasive speech actions. In addition, he has used other speech actions such as emotional and declarative speech actions

In this regard, during the presidency of Seyyed Mohammad Khatami, from the perspective of the issue of structure-agent interaction, we see a structuralist approach to Iran's foreign policy in the perspective of the Orientalist model. Because although Khatami was critical of some of the unjust conditions prevailing in the international system, he accepted the basic framework and structural requirements of the international system.Therefore, with the hypothesis that the foreign policy construction of the seventh and eighth governments in the face of international issues and powers has been influenced by Orientalist knowledge, and also with the content analysis, we address the questions of why foreign policy construction The seventh and eighth states are based on Orientalist knowledge? And the components of Orientalist policy-making in which axes of foreign policy production of the seventh and eight governments can be identified? Moreover, now that the various aspects of this approach and its most important components and examples have been exposed and judged, it seems that the structuralist approach based on its acceptance as a subordinate power is not only incompatible with human nature and Islamic thought. Nor will it be able to pursue the national material interests of its claimant.

One of the most difficult challenges facing managers and researchers is the lack of information about how to organize the alignment of human resource management and business strategies to improve the performance of companies, and without considering the specific strategic orientations of a company, knowing the extent and ways that company can use different strategies. to align; It is very difficult. Human resource management supports the business strategy by identifying threats and opportunities in the organization's environment to put the organization at its best. Business strategy focuses on the ways in which the company can effectively differentiate itself from its competitors and use its distinctive strengths to provide better value to its customers in a given environment. The researchers in this research plan to develop the understanding of strategic alignment by addressing two important gaps in the subject of this research. This research is a descriptive survey research. Also, since the research variables are described, it is a correlational descriptive research. In this research, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. One of the findings of the research is that the examination of research hypotheses showed that human resource management has a direct effect on "organizational performance" with a score of 2.289 and on "business strategies" with a score of 5.364. It also showed that business strategies with a score of 5.637 have a direct effect on "organizational performance" and are effective as a mediating role with a score of 3.809 in "Human Resource Management and...